Encephalitis
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is a condition which is characterized by inflammation of the brain. Mostly it result from a viral infection. This condition can be life-threatening and needed timely treatment.
Symptoms
Symptoms include:
- Severe headache
- Moderate fever
- Muscle and joint pain
- Confusion and altered state of mind
- Hallucinations
- Speech and hearing problems
- Muscle weakness
- Bulging of fontanels in infant skull
- Body stiffness
- Irritability
Causes
Main cause of this condition is not known. However, it can result from viral or bacterial infection and non infectious inflammatory conditions. There are two types of encephalitis; primary encephalitis and secondary encephalitis. Main viruses that causes encephalitis are Herpes simplex virus (HSV), enteroviruses, mosquito-borne viruses, rabies virus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of this condition depends upon detailed medical history and complete general physical examination of the patient. Other tests which are necessary for the diagnosis are:
- Imaging tests of brain including CT scan, MRI
- Lumber puncture or spinal tap
- Urine test
- Blood tests
- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Biopsy of brain
Treatment
Treatment options include:
- Mainly bed rest
- Intake of excess fluid
- Medications include anti-inflammatory drugs, antiviral drugs are prescribed.
- Supportive palliative care
- Some follow-up therapies are also prescribed like physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychotherapy